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Portuguese Pronunciation Books: Languages Books in PDF:. Do you want to read about another topic? Art and Photography. Alternative Therapy. Business and Investment. Food and drinks. Mystery and Thriller. Self Improvement. Various topics. Indicative 2 Whenever I saw your father I would ask him about you. Do you think it is Filipe?

Will it have stopped raining? Who might have broken this glass? She will write me a letter. She would write it to me. In English, the Subjunctive mood usually expresses a hypothetical 4 situation. There are set circumstances, verbs and phrases that require its use. It is also linked to the idea of commands, 6 wishing, feeling and necessity.

It normally appears in subordinate or 7 dependent clauses. It is a pity that she is ill. The verb in the main clause can be in 2 the Imperfect Indicative or in the Preterite, and each instance changes the 3 meaning of the sentence: 4 5 a The Imperfect in the main clause is used for actions referring to a 6 present or future situation, or even to a habitual situation in the past 7 as explained in 7.

Help me, if you can. You can do whatever you wish. In all other cases, including the negative, 3 commands are expressed by forms borrowed from the Present Subjunctive. This is not the case with irregular verbs 7 e.

Who opened the door — did 8 they or did I? Who has to translate it today? I am working. I am studying Portuguese. He is leaving tomorrow. They are staying three days. Travelling by plane is expensive. In principle, all 1 sentences in the Active Voice can be replaced by an equivalent with the verb in the Passive Voice. The preference is determined by matters of style 3 and emphasis, just like in English.

For that reason, some of the examples 4 below may seem somewhat strange to a native speaker. They are provided 5 here merely as an illustration. Auxiliary 2 We must go shopping. They are usually related to nature: 8 amanhecer to dawn relampejar to lighten 9 anoitecer to grow dark saraivar to hail 1 chover to rain trovejar to thunder 3 chuviscar to drizzle ventar to storm 4 nevar to snow 5 6 7 7. There are two groups of 2 defective verbs. May I sit here? Can I sit here?

She works a lot. He eats too much. Little is known of this composer. What a lively party! She cried desperately.

He arrived today. Today I want to stay here. She had never done that. There is no bread. You sing very well. She lives very near. She plays and I study. She plays but I study. She plays, I study. Eu estudo. She plays. I study. Subordinating 2 I know more now than I knew a few years ago. B 3 I need to go to the supermarket. It takes a verb in 5 the third person singular: 6 7 Aonde vai aquela gente toda?

It can be used with isto, 8 isso and aquilo but never with a noun: 9 Tens que comer tudo. You must eat everything. You must eat it all. This landscape is so pretty! He got so many presents! I like that dress so much! Are you going tomorrow? Is there still some bread left? No, there is none anymore. Is there already some bread?

No, there is none yet. B She phoned me and wrote me a letter. B She had written me a letter. B She will write me a letter. B She would write me a letter. Portuguese 4 usage 5 6 My car is white. He was very rushed.

She felt very bad. He left suddenly. I always travel by plane. He has never been to the theatre. In a main clause or a question not introduced by an 2 notes on interrogative, the pronoun is attracted to the verb and linked to it by a 3 Portuguese hyphen: 4 usage 5 Eu dei-lhe o livro. As in the previous 5 section, a translation is provided for all examples.

Hello, Joana! Por aqui? Fancy meeting you here! Bem-vindo a nossa casa. Welcome to our house. On its own, it implies a longer parting until 9 speakers meet again. Have a good trip! See you later! B 9 Bye! See you anon, in a minute! B See you later! See you tomorrow! See you the day after tomorrow! B See you next week!

B See you next month! B See you next year! Until next time! See you! B, 1 Until we meet again! Good morning! Good afternoon! Bom dia! I prefer the other paper. Good evening. What time is it? It is 8. A cup of coffee and a glass of water. Attracting 2 Escuta! Pay attention! Estou aqui. I am here. Tanta gente! So many people! This is important. What is this noise? Look here! Listen carefully! Listen really well to what I have to say! What does this mean?

What do you really want? They can be followed by instructions, which are 6 given with a Subjunctive as they have the function of commands. Watch out! Be careful! Watch out for trains! Pare, escute e olhe! Stop, listen and look! Beware of the dog. B Stop thief! Merry Christmas!

Happy Easter! Happy birthday! Introductions 2 Congratulations on passing your driving test. Have a happy holiday!

Have a good weekend! Have a safe journey home! Good luck! Women may kiss each other instead of shaking hands. Pleased to meet you. The pleasure is all mine. Do you want to come as well? If the subject needs to be stated, then use the name of the person being spoken 9 to, as if it were a pronoun. Pode dar-nos 8 boleia para o cinema?

It is very kind of you 40 Silva to invite us. Can you give us a lift to the cinema? In the antechamber you Reverend father must ask to be announced to His Eminence. In everyday Socializing communication the initial Sr. Engo a. Arqto ta. Professor a. Professor a for a university teacher Doutor a. Any titles and forms 2 of address with Vossa change into Sua when used as third person see the 3 dialogue in He was called to a meeting with the Minister 4 for Public Works.

Well, thank you. Very well. Fairly well. B So-so. This is a favourite topic for conversation in Portuguese. Open your mouth. Breathe deeply. Lie on your back. Lie on your tummy. Roll up your sleeve. You should take. You must take. Lisboa, o Algarve, a Madeira 6 This is. Lisbon, the Algarve, Madeira 7 8. Where is. What is. What are. Where are you from? Where do you come from? Where does. Where do you live? Do you live in. What is your address? What is the address 12 person, institution?

It is in. I live in. If in doubt, use viver as you have a greater chance of being correct. In Brazil, however, morar is more frequently used. Often the continuous form 9 estar a.

B is used, as one describes the present weather conditions see 40 The weather is good. The weather is bad. It is hot. It is cold. It is sunny. It is windy. There is a light breeze. There is a cool wind. B It is raining. It is snowing. B There is a thunderstorm. It is lightning. B The sun is shining. B The wind is blowing. B It is very cold. In the latter cases the preposition de 7 introduces a metaphor.

It is swelteringly hot. It is piercingly cold. It is deadly cold. Who is it? Who is. Who are. Which is. Which are. Whom does. Esqueceu-as aqui. He left them behind. But the red ones are mine. What is your profession? Where do you work? I work in. Who do you work for? I work for. B 6 What does your cousin do? And your brother? What kind of. What is it made of? What is it made out of? How is it made? How does one make it?

Have you got the time? Can you tell me the time? At what time. It is. I have a class at 2 p. The main requirement to 3 perform these functions correctly is to have a good knowledge of 4 verbs, their tenses and the meaning of each tense see Chapter 7.

It describes an action that began in the past, has 5 been developing until now and may even continue into the future 6 7. This is particularly import- 6 ant if you are a beginner. Avoid at all costs thinking in your mother tongue 7 and then translating into Portuguese. That is because literal translations seldom work. A huge wave swept 9 temporal. My younger 1 chegou a fazer transbordar a brother nearly drowned.

My lagoa. O jacket. Yours sincerely 9 muito atentamente 40 Melhores cumprimentos1 Yours faithfully 1 Nowadays, the formula Melhores cumprimentos is more widely used. Senhor, Dear Sir, 2 factual 3 Agradecemos a V. O tempo I love Recife. See you soon. O senhor falou foi com 8 esta senhora ao lado.

The person you spoke to was this lady next to me. Excuse me, but. I am sorry, but. You are mistaken,. You are wrong. That is not so. That is not quite so. The offer is only valid as long as stocks last. Querem que traga uns pasteis de bacalhau? Would you mind. I can tell you then. Would you like to. Do you want to. You are invited. You are invited to. B 1 David, do you want to come too? What do you advise? What is your advice?

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