Unimatch software

Genotyping of the DQA1 locus was performed using the method previously described by Voorter et al. In total, 16 separate sequencing and amplification primers forward and reverse of exons were used. For the sequencing reactions, a solid phase sequencing approach was performed using an Autoread Sequencing kit Amersham Biosciences, Roosendaal, Netherlands according to the supplier's protocol. The PCR products were transferred to 1.

The positive lanes were visually determined and analyzed using UniMatch Software 4. Data were analyzed by sorting patients according to the presence or absence of cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, the results of polysomnography and MSLT based on ICSD-1 and -2 criteria [ 11 ], and HLA types.

Categorical variables were used for the frequency analysis. Significance testing was conducted using Fisher's exact test for independence. P -values were corrected using the Bonferroni method P c by multiplying the probability value by the number of alleles compared. P values less than 0. Haplotypes were constructed by giving priority to combinations that showed higher association in previously reported Korean data [ 15 ].

Among the 67 patients, there were 51 males and 16 females. The median age of the subjects was Of the 67 patients, 44 Phenotype frequencies of HLA alleles in controls and narcolesy patients are shown in Table 1. Phenotype frequencies of HLA class II alleles in controls and narcolepsy patients with or without cataplexy.

There were 5 patients 7. There were 13 patients Only 2 control individuals 0. However, no statistically significant differences in haplotype frequency were observed between the controls and patients with narcolepsy, and between patient groups with or without cataplexy data not shown. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were observed in The frequencies of sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were significantly higher among patients with cataplexy than among patients without cataplexy The difference in the frequency of a mean REM sleep latency less than 20 min between patients with and without cataplexy was statistically significant Demographic, clinical, and somnographic characteristics of narcolepsy patients according to the presence of cataplexy.

A majority of the subjects Although the frequency of cataplexy was lower, and the frequencies of sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were slightly higher among patients with onset before adolescence, these differences did not reach statistical significance The frequencies of polysomnography and the MLST diagnostic criteria were similar across groups data not shown.

Demographic, clinical, and somnographic characteristics of narcolepsy patients according to HLA types. The SBT method is used for the identification of sequence variations, as well as the direct detection of new polymorphisms [ 16 ]. However, this method is demanding in terms of the resources, technique, time, and labor required. PCR-SSP is a powerful method for detecting genetic variability, including single base pair mismatches. It is a relatively quick and easy technique, and the post-amplification processing is simple, rapid, and consists only of determining whether amplification has occurred [ 17 , 18 ].

However, there were potential errors in both methods during the interpretation process. However, in nearly all cases, the exclusion of the weak band during the interpretation of PCR-SSP could result in correct HLA types; thus, it was possible to avoid misinterpretation. Both of the initial misinterpretations that occurred in this study were made in DQA1 typing, which generally requires the sequencing of more exons than most of the other HLA class II types in order to distinguish alleles [ 13 , 14 ].

Therefore, extra caution seems to be required for DQA1 typing. Therefore, the application of the high-resolution PCR-SSP would be appropriate for testing of certain HLA types known to be related to a specific disease, but not for general use e. These differences have been proposed to be due to differences in the diagnostic criteria, including the presence of cataplexy, the ethnic origin of the patient groups, and the resolution of the HLA-typing method [ 2 , 19 - 21 ].

In this study, 5 patients 7. A total of 18 patients As of August Asseco owns approximately The Asseco Group companies offer comprehensive innovative IT solutions for all sectors of the economy. Its customer portfolio includes leading global banks and financial institutions, public institutions, healthcare sector, agriculture institutions, international organizations, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises and utility.

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